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Annotated Bibliography

Early Stellar Interferometry

D.H. DeVorkin, ``Michelson and the problem of stellar diameters," Journal for the History of Astronomy 6 (1) 1-18 (1975). A fascinating account of the course of events leading up to the success of the 20 ft interferometer.

M. Hamy, ``Sur la mesure des faibles diamètres," Bulletin Astronomique 10, 489-504 (1893). Perhaps the earliest review of stellar interferometry making reference to both Michelson and Fizeau. Examines the effect of slit dimensions and elliptical sources.

F.C. Henroteau, ``Double and multiple stars," Chapt. 4 in Handbuch der Astrophysik 6, (Julius Springer: Berlin, 1928), pp. 299-468. Section 36 briefly reviews interferometric methods from Fizeau to Michelson including Schwarzschild and Hamy. Section 37 describes how double stars are measured, with reference to Anderson, Merrill, and Pease.

H.B. Lemon, ``Albert Abraham Michelson: the Man and the Man of Science," The American Physics Teacher 4 (1), 1-11 (1936). A description of Michelson's life, career, and character. Contains a full list of all his published papers, including his frequent multiple publications of the same material and his foreign language translations.

D.M. Livingston, The Master of Light, (Scribners: New York, 1973). An entertaining biography of Michelson written by his youngest daughter. Describes the course of his family life and scientific career with numerous anecdotes.

K. Lundmark, ``Luminosities, colours, diameters, densities, masses of the stars (continued)" Chapt. 4 in Handbuch der Astrophysik 5 (2), (Julius Springer: Berlin, 1933). Part (d) `The diameters of the stars,' pp. 575-599, summarises early theoretical and experimental work in determining stellar diameters by interferometry and other methods. Section 198 translates part of Hamy's theoretical works.

P. Muller, ``Techniques for visual measurements," Chapt. 19 in Astronomical Techniques, (University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 1962), pp. 440-460. Section 2 deals with visual interferometric methods of observing binary stars. The history is misleading but includes a good description of Schwarzschild's apparatus.

Review Papers and Reference Books

T.J. Cornwell, ``The Applications of closure phase to astronomical imaging," Science 245, 263-269 (1989). A clear and concise description of the ideas behind the use of closure phase as a constraint for imaging at radio and optical wavelengths.

V. Coudé du Foresto, ``Integrated optics in astronomical interferometry,'' in Very High Angular Resolution Imaging, J.G. Robertson and W.J. Tango eds., IAU Symposium No. 158, (Kluwer Academic: Dordrecht, 1994), pp. 261-271. A critical review of the use of fibers for various applications in stellar interferometry. Includes a comprehensive bibliography.

J. Davis, ``High angular resolution stellar interferometry," Proc. Astron. Soc. Aus., 3, 26-32 (1976). The possible successor to the Intensity Interferometer is discussed. The scientific potential of long-baseline interferometry is assessed and modern methods of interferometry are compared.

W.S. Finsen, ``Twenty years of double-star interferometry and its lessons," Astrophysics and Space Science 11, 13-19 (1971). A review of the progress of visual interferometric observations of binary stars from Anderson (1920) to the advent of speckle interferometry - with a warning to neophytes.

D.Y. Gezari, F. Roddier, and C. Roddier, Spatial Interferometry in Optical Astronomy, NASA Reference Publication 1245, (1990). A comprehensive bibliography of pre-1990 papers in high-angular resolution techniques in optical/infrared astronomy. Includes a wide range of related conference proceedings and a section on long-baseline interferometry.

R. Hanbury Brown, ``Measurement of stellar diameters," Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 6, 13-38 (1968). Contains a critical assessment of results of the 20 ft and 50 ft interferometers and describes the program of the Intensity Interferometer up to 1967.

R. Hanbury Brown, The Intensity Interferometer, (Taylor and Francis: London, 1974). The definitive story of the Intensity Interferometer as told by its designer.

C.A. Haniff, ``Phase closure imaging: theory and practice," in Diffraction-Limited Imaging with Very Large Telescopes, D.M. Alloin and J.-M. Mariotti eds., (Kluwer Academic: Dordrecht, 1989) pp. 171-190. A tutorial paper on concepts in phase closure imaging. Compares radio and optical methods and discusses the estimation of closure phases at low light levels.

A. Labeyrie, ``High-resolution techniques in optical astronomy," Prog. Opt. 14, 47-87 (1976). An introduction to atmospheric turbulence, speckle interferometry, long-baseline methods, and a review of the technology in the mid 1970s. The I2T is discussed in detail and arguments put forth for the use of multi-r0 apertures in an aperture-synthesis array.

A. Labeyrie, ``Stellar interferometry methods," Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 16, 77-102 (1978). Results of speckle interferometry are reviewed. Novel methods are proposed for long-baseline interferometry, including movable telescopes for delay compensation and simultaneous dual-star observations for space-based astrometry. The early construction of the GI2T is described.

H.A. McAlister, ``High angular resolution measurements of stellar properties," Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 23, 59-87 (1985). A review of the scientific results of high angular resolution astronomy, in particular binary star observations and measurements of stellar diameters.

T.J. Pearson and A.C.S. Readhead, ``Image formation by self-calibration in radio astronomy," Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 22, 97-130 (1984). Iterative methods of imaging using closure phase and closure amplitudes are described, including their strengths and limitations as they apply to radio interferometers.

R.A. Perley, F.R. Schwab, and A.H. Bridle, eds., Synthesis Imaging in Radio Astronomy, (Brigham Young Univ. Print Services: Provo, Utah, 1989). Tutorial lectures from the third NRAO Summer School on Synthesis Imaging. A useful companion to the text by Thompson, Moran, and Swenson.

F. Roddier and P. Léna, ``Long-baseline Michelson interferometry with large ground-based telescopes operating at optical wavelengths," J. Optics (Paris) 15 (4), 171-182 (1984). Reviews strategies of visibility measurement with multi-r0 apertures, and considers the low-light limitations to visual and detector-based fringe tracking with the I2T and GI2T interferometers in mind.

F. Roddier, ``Interferometric imaging in optical astronomy," Phys. Rep. 170 (2), 97-166 (1988). A comprehensive review of methods of interferometric imaging, with emphasis on speckle techniques. Long-baseline interferometry and its scientific potential are also reviewed.

M. Shao and M.M. Colavita, ``Long-baseline optical and infrared stellar interferometry," Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 30, 457-498 (1992). A full overview of long-baseline methods and interferometer design with emphasis on results of the Mark III interferometer and the future possibilities of astrometry with space-born interferometers.

A.R. Thompson, J.M. Moran, and G.W. Swenson, Jr., Interferometry and Synthesis in Radio Astronomy. (John Wiley and Sons: New York 1986). A comprehensive and thorough review of the engineering concepts, instrumentation, and data reduction techniques in radio interferometry.

Popular Science Articles

J.T. Armstrong, D.J. Hutter, K.J. Johnston, and D. Mozurkewich, ``Stellar optical interferometry in the 1990s," Phys. Today 48 (5), 42-49 (1995).

J. Davis, ``Measuring the stars," and ``The quest for high resolution," in Sky and Telescope 82, 361-365 (1991), and 83, 29-33 (1992).

R. Hanbury Brown, ``The stellar interferometer at Narrabri Observatory," Sky and Telescope 28, 64-69 (1964).

A. Labeyrie, ``Stellar interferometry: a widening frontier," Sky and Telescope 63, 334-338 (1982).

R.H. Miller, ``Measurement of stellar diameters," Science 153, 581-587 (1966).

Conference Proceedings

Synthetic-Aperture Optics: Woods Hole Summer Study, August 1967, (Advisory Committee to the Air Force Systems Command, NAS-NRC: Washington, 1968). Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 7 August - 1 September 1967. [US Department of Commerce, National Information Service accession numbers AD-680 806 and AD-680 797.]

High Angular Resolution Stellar Interferometry, J. Davis and W.J. Tango eds., IAU Colloquium No. 50, (Chatterton Astronomy Department, Univ. of Sydney: Sydney, 1979). University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA, 30 August - 1 September 1978.

Interferometric Imaging in Astronomy, J.W. Goad ed., (National Optical Astronomy Observatories: Tucson, 1987). Oracle, Arizona, USA, 12-15 January 1987.

High-Resolution Imaging by Interferometry, F. Merkle ed., ESO Conference and Workshop Proceedings No. 29 (European Southern Observatory: Garching bei München, 1988). Garching bei München, FRG, 15-18 March 1988.

Amplitude and Intensity Spatial Interferometry J.B. Breckinridge ed., Proc. SPIE 1237, (SPIE Press: Bellingham, 1990). Tucson, Arizona, 14-16 February 1990.

High-Resolution Imaging by Interferometry II, J.M. Beckers and F. Merkle eds., ESO Conference and Workshop Proceedings No. 39 (European Southern Observatory: Garching bei München, 1992). Garching bei München, Germany, 15-18 October 1991.

Very High Angular Resolution Imaging, J.G. Robertson and W.J. Tango eds., IAU Symposium No. 158, (Kluwer Academic: Dordrecht, 1994). Sydney, Australia, 11-15 January 1993.

Amplitude and Intensity Spatial Interferometry II, J.B. Breckinridge ed., Proc. SPIE 2200, (SPIE Press: Bellingham, 1994). Kona, Hawaii, USA, 15-16 March 1994.

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